The New York World’s Fair of 1964 introduced 51 million visitors to a range of technological innovations and predictions, some that turned out to be right on the money and others that, perhaps thankfully, were way off the mark.
At the Bell System pavilion, engineers touted a “picturephone” that allowed callers to see who they were talking to, a concept that lives on in modern-day apps such as Skype and FaceTime.
At the time, though, picture phones didn’t take off, said Lori Walters, history professor at the University of Central Florida. She attributed that to high setup costs that made them accessible to relatively few. And at a time when many men attended the fair in coat and tie and women in dresses, people weren’t quite ready to be seen on the phone at any hour, in their pajamas or worse.
“We were still a little more of a formal society,” Walters said.
The fair also gave wide exposure to the power of computers, which at the time were seen as huge cabinets of blinking lights and electrodes operated by big corporations. At the IBM pavilion, visitors saw a computer system in which a machine took in a card with a date written on it and gave back another card with a news story from that date. At the NCR pavilion, a computer would answer scientific questions or give out recipes from a cookbook.
Hmm, asking a computer for information? Well, hello, Google. Hi there, Siri.
“I don’t think it’s a stretch to say in a lot of ways this fair was key to familiarizing people with and really normalizing the concept of working with computers,” said Ryan Ritchey, a Philadelphia filmmaker who’s making a documentary about the fair.
Another bit of technology (along with an annoyingly hard-to-forget song) was introduced by Walt Disney with the “It’s a Small World” attraction: robotic animation.
That “animatronic” exhibit and three others, including one featuring a robotic President Abraham Lincoln, showed characters moving in lifelike ways, including smiling and blinking.
“This is the first time that millions of people had the opportunity to see something that could be described as robotic. The special effects you could see in the World’s Fair blew away what you could see in the movies,” said Joseph Tirella, author of a book about the fair.
Of course, not everything presented as the way of the future came to pass, as seen in some of the views of the future in the “Futurama 2” ride put together by General Motors. It included scenes of colonies on the moon as well as in Antarctica, huge underwater dwellings and a machine that used a laser to cut through rainforests, leaving behind paved roads.
And don’t forget the jet packs, demonstrated by men who wore them and zoomed around the grounds, but which remain a mode of transport found primarily in science fiction.
Regardless of whether such notions survived, observers say the fair offered a vision of the world’s potential that made it seem like anything was possible.
“It really seems like 50 years ago, we had more exciting visions for 50 years in the future than we do now,” Ritchey said.
What they had right:
“Picturephone”: Bell System introduced this innovation, which allowed people to see whom they were calling. It didn’t go over well at the time, but it’s a concept that’s an everyday part of our lives now in apps such as Skype and Facetime.
Personal use of the computer: Several pavilions had exhibits set up where visitors could ask computers for information and get responses in seconds.
Robotics: Walt Disney’s “It’s a Small World” exhibit introduced robotic animation in which characters sing, speak and make lifelike gestures such as smiles and blinks. It’s still in use in theme parks and movies today.
Ford Mustang: The two-seater sports car with its long hood and short rear deck was officially unveiled at the World’s Fair and immediately became popular. It has remained in production ever since.
Touch-tone phones: Originally introduced at the Seattle World’s Fair in 1962, this was still the first time many visitors were exposed to this technology.
What they had wrong:
Colonies on the moon, underwater and in Antarctica: The “Futurama 2” ride from General Motors, which featured images of people living in places where they clearly, uh, don’t.
Paved-over rainforests: Another image from “Futurama 2” featured a machine that used a laser to cut through the rainforests and left behind paved roads.
Jet packs: There were demonstrations of jet pack power at the fair, with men wearing them and zooming around the grounds. Sadly, they remain a mode of transport found mainly in science fiction.
